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American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry

Amid I. Ismail

Ann L. McCann

Aviv Ouanounou

Barbara A. MacNeill

Beth Jordan

Betty Ladley Finkbeiner

Bonnie G. Branson

Chris Hope

Connie M. Kracher

Constance Konen

Courtney Ison

Cynthia C. Gadbury-Amyot

David G. Dunning

David Ojeda Diaz

David R. Cagna

Debra A. Dixon

Denise Kissell

Diane Vernetti-Callahan

Donald J. White

Edward F. Wright

Edward Lo

Elizabeth McClure

Ellen Karlin

Emet D Schneiderman

Emily Lanzel

Erica DiMarco

Fady F. Faddoul

Franklin D. Wright

Gail F. Williamson

Gentiane Valiquette

Georgios A. Kotsakis

Geza T. Terezhalmy

Grishondra-L- Branch-Mays

Harold A. Henson

Hassem Geha

Hui Liang

Hussein M. Assaf

Istvan A. Hargitai

Ivonne Ganem

James Bahcall

James L. Harrison

Jane L. Forrest

Jayakumar Jayaraman

Jeanette MacLean

Jennifer Johnson

Jennifer Rudy

Jessica M. Latimer

Joan G. Ellison

John W. Hellstein

Joseph J. Massad

Karen B. Williams

Keith A. Mays

Kimberly Hanson Huggins

Kimberly Kurst Bray

Kristin A. Williams

LaQuia A. Vinson

Lara James

Larry LoPresti

Lavanya Rajendran

Leena Palomo

Lesley McGovern Kupiec

Leslie DeLong

Leslie E. Grant

Liran Levin

Luis Gerado Suarez Guzman

Luke Burroughs

M. Louay Taifour

Maggie A. Misch-Haring

Maria (Mia) L. Geisinger

Maria Goldie

Marianne Dryer

Marilynn Heyde

Marsha A. Voelker

Melanie Simmer Beck

Melissa Seibert

Michael P. Mills

Michael W. Finkelstein

Michaell A. Huber

Molly Mihlbachler

Nancy W. Burkhart

Natasha West

Nevin Zablotsky

Nicola West

Palma A. Freydinger

Pam Hughes

Pamela R. Overman

Patricia A. Frese

Patricia A. Walters

Phil Smith

Phyllis Beemsterboer

Regina Casian Ruiz Velasco

Richard C. Jordan

Richie Kohli

Robert V. Faller

Roger P. Levin

Ronald L Occhionero

Sabeel Valappil

Salme E. Lavigne

Samuel St. John

Nationally Approved PACE Program Provider for FAGD/MAGD credit.

Approved Provider by the American Academy of Dental Hygiene, Inc.

LIVE Webinar Date: __November 13, 2024, 7:30 - 9:00 PM ET__

This concise presentation covers a number of treatment modalities in bleaching. Participants will learn everything from at-home bleaching to in-office bleaching to non-vital bleaching to gingival bleaching.

This concise presentation covers a number of treatment modalities in bleaching. Participants will learn everything from at-home bleaching to in-office bleaching to non-vital bleaching to gingival bleaching.

CE1000 - Internal and External Dental Bleaching: From Non-Vital Teeth to Gingiva

Internal and External Dental Bleaching: From Non-Vital Teeth to Gingiva

Swati Ahuja

One of the most significant challenges in implant therapy involves optimally managing the transition of the restoration from the implant body through the soft tissues. This course will detail the importance of various factors affecting the diagnosis and treatment planning of biologically contoured implant restorations including the assessment of hard and soft tissues, peri-implant mucosal phenotype, restorative space, crown morphology, three dimensional (3D) and restoratively driven implant planning, developing consensus for ideal surgical implant position and placement of well-contoured provisional restorations or custom healing abutments. This course will also describe various techniques for fabricating customized healing abutments and the techniques for capturing tissue architecture in the definitive restoration.


This course will detail the importance of various factors affecting the diagnosis and treatment planning of biologically contoured implant restorations and  techniques for capturing tissue architecture in the definitive restoration.

Biologically Contoured Esthetic Implant Restorations

This course is part 10 of a 10-part series entitled *Caries Process and Prevention Strategies*. This course introduces the dental professional to risk terminology, and methods for identifying caries-causing factors and assessing a patient's risk for developing dental caries. It also outlines a risk protocol that can be used with patients.


Caries Process and Prevention Strategies: Risk Assessment

This course is part 9 of a 10-part series entitled *Caries Process and Prevention Strategies*. This course introduces the dental professional to the important role of fluoride in the prevention and control of dental caries. Systemic and topical forms of fluoride delivery are discussed as options for the majority of patients, and professional forms of fluoride delivery are discussed as sometimes-necessary measures for high-risk patients with severe caries.


Caries Process and Prevention Strategies: Intervention

This course is part 8 of a 10-part series entitled *Caries Process and Prevention Strategies*. This course introduces the dental professional to the concept of oral health promotion and education as a means of preventing caries. The topics discussed include understanding patient behavior, the barriers to change a patient may experience, why it is important for a dental professional to provide continuous support even when a patient is slow to change, and helping a patient to set goals that promote caries-reducing habits.


Caries Process and Prevention Strategies: Prevention

Susan Higham

This course is part 7 of a 10-part series entitled *Caries Process and Prevention Strategies*. This course establishes the concept of dental erosion as a condition that is distinct from caries, and as an emerging public health issue with increasing prevalence in people of all ages. Although often generalized under the heading of “tooth wear,” there are actually two distinct tooth surface loss processes that must be taken into account. Tooth surface loss can be the result of physical mechanisms, such as attrition and abrasion, or chemical mechanisms triggered by acid. Both of these mechanisms are discussed, as well as the chemical, biological, and behavioral factors that increase or reduce risk of tooth surface loss. For the purpose of this discussion, the impact of physical processes on tooth surface loss, such as attrition and abrasion, will be referred to as tooth wear. The process related to chemical acid attack resulting in tooth surface loss will be referred to as dental erosion.In addition, diagnosis and prevention measures related to dental erosion are introduced.


This course is part 7 of a 10-part series entitled *Caries Process and Prevention Strategies*. This course establishes the concept of dental erosion as a condition that is distinct from caries, and as an emerging public health issue with increasing prevalence in people of all ages. Although often generalized under the heading of “tooth wear,” there are actually two distinct tooth surface loss processes that must be taken into account. Tooth surface loss can be the result of physical mechanisms, such as attrition and abrasion, or chemical mechanisms triggered by acid. Both of these mechanisms are discussed, as well as the chemical, biological, and behavioral factors that increase or reduce risk of tooth surface loss. In addition, diagnosis and prevention measures related to dental erosion are introduced.

Caries Process and Prevention Strategies: Erosion

This course is part 2 of a 10-part series entitled *Caries Process and Prevention Strategies.* Dental caries is a multifactorial, infectious disease affecting a significant percentage of the population. This course describes the etiology and pathways of progression of dental caries, including an in-depth review of the role of dental plaque and oral bacteria.

Dental caries is arguably the most prevalent disease in man, affecting most of the dentate population at some time in their lives. In the United States, dental caries is the most common chronic disease in childhood, with 42% of children between the ages of 2 and 11 having had caries in primary teeth and 23% of children in this same age group having untreated dental caries.[1](/en-us/ce-courses/ce369/references#1) Among dentate adults aged 20 to 64, 91% have caries in permanent teeth.[2](/en-us/ce-courses/ce369/references#2) Commonly termed “tooth decay,” caries is the localized destruction of tooth tissues over time by acid that is produced in the mouth when oral bacteria, such as *Streptococcus mutans*, ferment dietary carbohydrates. These bacteria aggregate in dental plaque that forms on the outer surface of teeth. In a healthy mouth environment, the bacteria that populate plaque are harmless, but when the environment becomes acidic, the population changes to bacteria that thrive in acidity and are linked to caries. A combination of several factors and sub-factors are required for dental caries to develop, including some that are innate to the oral environment, making caries a multifactorial disease that can be difficult to manage and completely prevent. The caries process, the multiple factors that influence caries development, and plaque as a microbial biofilm ecosystem, are discussed.

This is part 2 of a 10-part series entitled Caries Process and Prevention Strategies. Dental caries is a multifactorial, infectious disease affecting a significant percentage of the population. This course describes the etiology and pathways of progression of dental caries, including an in-depth review of the role of dental plaque and oral bacteria.

Caries Process and Prevention Strategies:  The Agent

This course is part 6 of a 10-part series entitled *Caries Process and Prevention Strategies*. This course introduces the dental professional to the importance of caries diagnosis in prevention of the disease, as well as the intricate link between caries diagnosis and treatment. The two main methods of lesion diagnosis used today—the visual–tactile or visual methods and bitewing radiography—are discussed; particularly with regard to their application in the ICDAS system, including recent advancements that improve their sensitivity, as well as their limitations. Topics also include newer approaches to caries diagnosis and management, a brief discussion of why too-early caries lesion diagnosis can be counterproductive and the benefits of enlisting the help of pediatricians in diagnosing caries in children.


This course is part 6 of a 10-part series entitled *Caries Process and Prevention Strategies*. This course introduces the dental professional to the importance of caries diagnosis in prevention of the disease, as well as the intricate link between caries diagnosis and treatment.


Caries Process and Prevention Strategies: Diagnosis (ce373) - Introduction

Caries Process and Prevention Strategies: Diagnosis

This course is part 5 of a 10-part series entitled *Caries Process and Prevention Strategies*. In this course, the dynamic process of demineralization and remineralization is discussed, paying particular attention to tooth hard tissue structure, the role of acid production by cariogenic bacteria, and the critical pH at which tooth enamel begins to dissolve. The role of acid-reducing bacteria, saliva, and fluoride in tooth hard tissue remineralization will also be explained.

Caries is the chemical dissolution of the hard tooth structures - enamel and dentin - by the acid created as the bacteria in dental plaque ferment carbohydrates. The development of caries is dependent on the interplay between processes that cause demineralization of tooth enamel, and those which cause remineralization: Only when factors favor the high acidity that leads to demineralization does caries occur. 

This course is part 5 of a 10-part series entitled *Caries Process and Prevention Strategies*. In this course, the dynamic process of demineralization and remineralization is discussed, paying particular attention to tooth hard tissue structure, the role of acid production by cariogenic bacteria, and the critical pH at which tooth enamel begins to dissolve. The role of acid-reducing bacteria, saliva, and fluoride in tooth hard tissue remineralization will also be explained.

Caries Process and Prevention Strategies:  Demineralization/ Remineralization

This course is part 4 of a 10-part series entitled *Caries Process and Prevention Strategies*. It has been established that the oral environment is one of the primary factors in the caries process. Only when acidity increases in the oral environment does demineralization of enamel, and subsequently caries, occur. In this course, the role of fermentable carbohydrates is discussed, paying particular attention to how caries can be influenced by the cariogenic potential of ingested sugars and starches, the physical traits of ingested carbohydrates (such as their adhesiveness), and the frequency of intake and exposure to sugars. The Stephan curve, which illustrates the dental pH changes over time in response to a carbohydrate challenge, is also introduced, with a discussion of how factors such as the type of carbohydrate, the buffering capacity of saliva, and the type and amount of bacteria present in plaque affect dental plaque pH responses.


This course is part 4 of a 10-part series entitled *Caries Process and Prevention Strategies*. In this course, the role of fermentable carbohydrates is discussed, paying particular attention to how caries can be influenced by the cariogenic potential of ingested sugars and starches, the physical traits of ingested carbohydrates (such as their adhesiveness), and the frequency of intake and exposure to sugars.

Caries Process and Prevention Strategies:  The Environment

This course is part 3 of a 10-part series entitled *Caries Process and Prevention Strategies*. It has been established that a host must be present for caries to develop. In this course, three host factors - the tooth, saliva, and the oral cavity's immune response - are introduced, and their roles in the caries process are explained.


Caries Process and Prevention Strategies:  The Host

Dentinal hypersensitivity is a common clinical condition referred to as “dentinal hypersensitivity,” “dentine sensitivity,” “root sensitivity” or “tooth sensitivity” that is frequently encountered yet it is often under-reported by patients, or misdiagnosed by clinicians. This course will address the etiology, prevalence and diagnosis of dentinal hypersensitivity as well as review clinical evidence behind common treatments.


Dentinal hypersensitivity is a common dental problem yet it is often under-reported by patients or misdiagnosed. This course will address the etiology, prevalence and diagnosis of dentinal hypersensitivity as well as review clinical evidence behind popular desensitizing dentifrices and other treatments.

Dentinal Hypersensitivity: A Review

Controversies about the utility of flossing were thrust into the spotlight in 2016 in a controversy known amongst dental professionals as “Flossgate. As a part of the update to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, the federal government omitted a recommendation for flossing previously included in the guidelines in 2000, 2005, and 2015.[1](/en-us/ce-courses/ce550/references#1) Citing the reasons for the omission, the Dietary Guideline Advisory Committee (DGAC) stated they focused on food and nutrient intake (e.g., added sugar) and cited the 2011 Cochrane systematic review,[2](/en-us/ce-courses/ce550/references#2) which concluded there is currently a lack of strong evidence to support the use of floss as a preventative measure for caries and periodontal diseases, although the systematic review does acknowledge evidence that flossing results in a reduction in gingival inflammation and interdental plaque. The Surgeon General, Centers for Disease Control (CDC), the Department of Health and Human Services, and other federal and state health agencies continue to publish materials that support the importance of flossing and interdental cleaning, and that advice is available to the public through the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Health (NIDCR),[3](/en-us/ce-courses/ce550/references#3) CDC’s Division of Oral Health,[4](/en-us/ce-courses/ce550/references#4) and Healthy People 2020.[5](/en-us/ce-courses/ce550/references#5)

The appropriateness of floss as an interdental cleaning aid for all individuals was further questioned with the release of the European Federation of Periodontology’s (EFP) statement regarding flossing efficacy in individuals with periodontal diseases. Iain Chapple, PhD, BDS, an EFP spokesperson, stated that the use of floss demonstrates utility in healthy patients without diastema and may prevent the development of periodontal diseases and gingival inflammation, but that in patients with gingivitis or periodontitis, evidence suggests that adjunctive floss use for interdental cleaning is not useful in reversing disease. He stated that interdental brushes are advocated for use in those patients.[6,](/en-us/ce-courses/ce550/references#6)[7](/en-us/ce-courses/ce550/references#7) Dr. Chapple indicated that dental healthcare providers should consider changing our behavior and recommendations based upon the current evidence.[6,](/en-us/ce-courses/ce550/references#6)[7](/en-us/ce-courses/ce550/references#7)

Despite the support of governmental agencies and numerous nonprofit groups, this messaging has created confusion in the lay media and the public with regards to the role of patient-administered oral hygiene for the prevention of oral diseases. Interdental cleaning continues to be an essential part of oral hygiene to maintain a healthy oral environment.[8](/en-us/ce-courses/ce550/references#8) There are 700+ identified species of bacteria and up to 1,500 putative pathologic microorganisms found in dental biofilm.[9-11](/en-us/ce-courses/ce550/references#9) Many of these organisms as well as other factors including bacterial nutrients, food debris, molecules that facilitate bacterial adhesion and invasion, and other extrinsic factors in the environment and the body’s own immune response contribute to diseases of the teeth and gingival tissues.[12,](/en-us/ce-courses/ce550/references#12)[13](/en-us/ce-courses/ce550/references#13) Current recommendations from the American Dental Association (ADA) include brushing for two minutes twice daily and cleaning between teeth to maintain a healthy mouth and smile, but these may be tailored to individuals based upon risk factors and their current oral health![14](/en-us/ce-courses/ce550/references#14)

This course will review current literature on the effectiveness of flossing and other interdental cleaning methods for patients with periodontal health, gingivitis, and periodontitis. In August 2016, the Associated Press (AP) printed an article that was widely disseminated in the lay media that there is scanty research supporting flossing as a method to improve oral health outcomes. This course will look at the 2011 Cochrane systematic review upon which the government based its decision to omit the recommendation to floss from the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, the 2015 European Federation of Periodontology’s Workgroup 2015 statement, as well as the broader literature and scientific rationale behind flossing and interdental cleaning. Finally, this course will evaluate the utility of interdental cleaning methods in patients with high caries risk, periodontal health, gingivitis, and periodontitis.

A String around Your Finger: Do We Really Need to Floss

A String around Your Finger: Do We Really Need to Floss?

This course will focus on intraoral imaging basic principles, techniques and error correction. Appropriately prescribed intraoral radiographic images are an important component of patient diagnosis and treatment. Radiographs are especially helpful in the diagnosis of dental caries, periodontal bone loss, periapical pathoses, and other observations that may impact patient treatment. It is of the utmost importance that dental professionals are competent in taking intraoral and extraoral radiographic images that are diagnostically acceptable while keeping the radiation exposure to patients as low as reasonably achievable. 

The dental radiographer must have a working knowledge of radiographic image receptors and intraoral radiographic techniques to produce quality images. Occasionally, errors will occur which can result in undiagnostic radiographic images. When errors do occur, the radiographer must have the requisite skills to evaluate, correct, and ultimately eliminate the errors. A review of image receptors and the following troubleshooting steps can help correct and subsequently prevent common errors.

<div class="bg-aliceBlue" style="padding:10px;">Syllabus: Dental Radiology

The information in this 12-module syllabus is intended (1) to meet elements of initial educational/training requirements for Dental Students, Dental Hygiene Students, and Dental Assistant Students related to dental radiography; (2) to provide a framework for an in-service training program in oral healthcare settings to meet annual educational/training requirements as mandated by federal, state, local and professional organizations; and (3) to serve as a resource for oral healthcare personnel wishing to review evidence-based information on specific topics related to dental radiography. A PDF is available for each module that may serve as a convenient resource.

[Learn More](https://assets.ctfassets.net/u2qv1tdtdbbu/109dwCPHpa2Eg6lw9aSYXG/21401a094f1ebabfecf321cbf78c79bc/radiology-syllabus.pdf "Dental Radiology Syllabus")</div>

This course will focus on intraoral imaging basic principles, techniques and error correction. Appropriately prescribed intraoral radiographic images are an important component of patient diagnosis and treatment. Radiographs are especially helpful in the diagnosis of dental caries, periodontal bone loss, periapical pathoses, and other observations that may impact patient treatment. It is of the utmost importance that dental professionals are competent in taking intraoral and extraoral radiographic images that are diagnostically acceptable while keeping the radiation exposure to patients as low as reasonably achievable. 

The dental radiographer must have a working knowledge of radiographic image receptors and intraoral radiographic techniques to produce quality images. Occasionally, errors will occur which can result in undiagnostic radiographic images. When errors do occur, the radiographer must have the requisite skills to evaluate, correct, and ultimately eliminate the errors. A review of image receptors and the following troubleshooting steps can help correct and subsequently prevent common errors.

Intraoral Imaging: Basic Principles, Techniques and Error Correction

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